Heating & Cooling

the guide

Sizing matters more than brand

Equipment should be sized with a load calculation (ACCA Manual J) that accounts for insulation, windows and air leakage — not by matching the old unit. Oversized systems short-cycle, wear out sooner and leave the house humid in summer.

What affects the price

Fuel type, efficiency rating, the condition of existing ductwork, and whether electrical service or venting has to be upgraded. A replacement that reuses sound ducts costs far less than one that needs new ones.

Maintenance that is worth doing

Change filters on schedule, keep the outdoor unit clear, and have combustion appliances checked annually, including a carbon-monoxide test. Schedule cooling service in spring and heating service in early fall, before the first rush.

Rules and paperwork in Pennsylvania

• Pennsylvania’s Home Improvement Consumer Protection Act requires most contractors who perform home improvements to register with the Attorney General’s office and to give you a written contract for any job over $500. The registration number belongs on the estimate and the contract — ask for it.
• Building permits in Pennsylvania are issued under the Uniform Construction Code by each municipality or the inspection agency it appoints, so the local building or codes office decides what needs a permit and an inspection.
• Technicians who handle refrigerant must hold EPA Section 608 certification under the Clean Air Act.
• Pennsylvania does not issue a statewide license for this trade. Some municipalities register or license it locally, which is one reason to confirm requirements with your own municipality.

Sources: Pennsylvania Office of Attorney General — Home Improvement Consumer Protection Act; Pennsylvania Department of Labor & Industry — Uniform Construction Code; U.S. EPA — Section 608 Technician Certification; Pennsylvania Department of Labor & Industry. Rules change — confirm current requirements with the agency and with your municipality.

Questions to ask before you hire

1. Did you run a load calculation for my house?
2. Will you inspect and seal the existing ductwork?
3. Who registers the equipment warranty?
4. What is your Pennsylvania Home Improvement Contractor registration number?

Frequently asked questions